Abstract
Dysfunctional signaling through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR pathway leads to uncontrolled tumor proliferation. In the course of the discovery of novel benzoxepin PI3K inhibitors, we observed a strong dependency of in vivo antitumor activity on the free-drug exposure. By lowering the intrinsic clearance, we derived a set of imidazobenzoxazepin compounds that showed improved unbound drug exposure and effectively suppressed growth of tumors in a mouse xenograft model at low drug dose levels. One of these compounds, GDC-0032 (11l), was progressed to clinical trials and is currently under phase I evaluation as a potential treatment for human malignancies.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Antineoplastic Agents / chemical synthesis*
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Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacokinetics
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Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology
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Cell Line, Tumor
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Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
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Female
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Hepatocytes / metabolism
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Humans
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Imidazoles / chemical synthesis*
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Imidazoles / pharmacokinetics
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Imidazoles / pharmacology
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In Vitro Techniques
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Isoenzymes / antagonists & inhibitors
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Mice
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Mice, Nude
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Microsomes, Liver / metabolism
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Neoplasm Transplantation
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Oxazepines / chemical synthesis*
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Oxazepines / pharmacokinetics
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Oxazepines / pharmacology
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Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors*
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Structure-Activity Relationship
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Transplantation, Heterologous
Substances
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2-(3-(2-(1-isopropyl-3-methyl-1H-1,2-4-triazol-5-yl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo(f)imidazo(1,2-d)(1,4)oxazepin-9-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylpropanamide
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Antineoplastic Agents
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Imidazoles
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Isoenzymes
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Oxazepines
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Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors